No need to know the vocabulary first
A few words, explained
- Shank
- The part of a cutting bit held by the machine, distinct from its cutting diameter.
- Veneer
- A thin layer of wood, often bonded to another material.
- Stock
- The wood or other material you start with.
- Joinery
- The methods used to connect pieces of wood.
Match the hole to the screw body
The pilot hole supports the threaded portion of the screw. Use the fastener and wood species as the starting point, then test in scrap when the work is visible or structurally important.
Use clearance holes for clamped joints
A clearance hole in the top piece lets the screw pull the second piece tightly against it. This can improve joint closure when using screws with glue or mechanical joinery.
Control the head and depth
Countersink or counterbore deliberately so the head seats correctly without crushing fragile veneers or weakening a thin workpiece.
Shop 101
Apply this reference to your project
Use your own project measurements and record how the result affects the material, setup or estimate.
- Name the material, dimension, or cost input that affects the decision.
- Use the reference and related calculator to check the measurement or estimate.
- Test or compare the result before committing final material, time, or client scope.
Try it with your own numbers
Common questions
Why did my board split when I drove a screw?
Common causes are no pilot hole, a pilot hole that is too small, a screw too close to an edge or end, brittle stock, or an oversized fastener.
What is a clearance hole?
It is a hole large enough for the screw shank to pass freely through the top material, allowing the threads to draw the mating piece tight.
Should I test pilot holes first?
Yes. Test on offcuts of the same species and thickness, especially for hardwood, thin stock, face frames, or visible work.